Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and identify predictors of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) during methotrexate treatment. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included JIA patients who had received methotrexate for > 1 year. Laboratory data including liver chemistry and lipid profiles were collected. Liver stiffness measurements (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameters (CAP) were determined by transient elastography. Significant hepatic fibrosis was defined as LSM > 7 kilopascal (kPa), and hepatic steatosis was defined as CAP > 225 decibel/meter (dB/m). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors associated with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. RESULTS: Of 60 patients, 66.7% were female, and the median age (IQR) was 12.8 (10.6-15.0) years. The median duration of methotrexate usage (IQR) was 45 (22-85) months, and the median cumulative dose of methotrexate (IQR) was 3768 (1806-6466) mg. The median LSM (IQR) and CAP (IQR) were 4.1 (3.4-4.6) kPa and 191.0 (170.3-223.8) dB/m, respectively. No patients had transient elastography-defined hepatic fibrosis, whereas 21.7% had hepatic steatosis. A body mass index Z-score > 1 (OR 5.71 [95%CI 1.31-24.98], p = 0.021) and higher cumulative dose of methotrexate (OR 1.02 [95%CI 1.00-1.04], p = 0.041) were associated with hepatic steatosis, whereas the cumulative dose of steroids was not (OR 1.00 [95%CI 1.00-1.01], p = 0.097). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic steatosis is common among JIA patients receiving methotrexate, but none had transient elastography-defined hepatic fibrosis. Overweight/obese JIA adolescents and patients with a high cumulative dose of methotrexate are at risk for hepatic steatosis. Key Points •Long-term low-dose methotrexate usage and the concomitant use of other DMARDs did not increase the risk of hepatic fibrosis in JIA patients. •The prevalence of hepatic steatosis in JIA patients receiving methotrexate was higher than in a healthy pediatric population. •Overweight/obesity and a higher cumulative dose of methotrexate were predictors of hepatic steatosis.