Abstract
Ovarian folliculogenesis is a complex biological process critical for female fertility, intricately regulated by various signaling pathways, among which the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological functions of MAPK signaling in key stages of folliculogenesis, including primordial follicle formation and activation, dominant follicle selection, cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) expansion, ovulation, and luteinization. The orchestrating roles of MAPK on steroidogenesis and ovarian cell death are also delineated, highlighting its essential contributions to normal reproductive function. Furthermore, we explore the implications of dysregulated MAPK signaling in ovarian aging, primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). By elucidating the multifaceted roles of MAPK signaling in ovarian biology, this review aims to enhance our understanding of folliculogenesis and its associated pathologies, paving the way for future research and therapeutic interventions targeting MAPK pathways in reproductive health. Clinical trial number Not applicable.