Abstract
Chromatin is a highly dynamic structure whose plasticity is achieved through multiple processes including the posttranslational modification of histone tails. Histone modifications function through the recruitment of nonhistone proteins to chromatin and thus have the potential to influence many fundamental biological processes. Here, we focus on the function and regulation of lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20) methylation in multiple biological processes including DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and DNA replication. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies that elucidate the functions associated with each of the methylation states of H4K20, their modifying enzymes, and their protein readers. Based on our current knowledge of H4K20 methylation, we critically analyze the data supporting these functions and outline questions for future research.