Abstract
Lymphedema, resulting from impaired lymphatic drainage, causes inflammation, fibrosis and tissue damage leading to symptoms such as limb swelling and restricted mobility. Despite various treatments under exploration, no standard effective therapy exists. Here a novel technique using the pyro-drive jet injection (PJI) was used to create artificial clefts between collagen fibers, which facilitated the removal of excess interstitial fluid. The PJI was used to deliver a mixture of lactated Ringer's solution and air into the tail of animals with secondary skin edema. Edema levels were assessed using micro-CT scanning. Histopathological changes and neovascularization were evaluated on the injury-induced regenerative tissue. Regarding tissue remodeling, we focused on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C. PJI markedly diminished soft tissue volume in the experimental lymphedema animals compared to the non-injected counterparts. The PJI groups exhibited a significantly reduced proportion of inflammatory granulation tissue and an enhanced density of lymphatic vessels and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive small vessels in the fibrous granulation tissue compared to the controls. In addition, PJI curtailed the prevalence of CTGF- and VEGF-C-positive cells in regenerative tissue. In a lymphedema animal model, PJI notably ameliorated interstitial edema, promoted lymphatic vessel growth, and bolstered αSMA-positive capillaries in fibrous granulation tissue. PJI's minimal tissue impact post-lymph node dissection indicates significant potential as an early, standard preventative measure. Easily applied in general clinics without requiring specialized training, it offers a cost-effective and highly versatile solution to the management of lymphedema.