Musculoskeletal involvement and ultrasonography update in systemic lupus erythematosus: New insights and review

系统性红斑狼疮的肌肉骨骼受累及超声检查进展:新见解与综述

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Abstract

Ultrasonography has been rarely used to measure musculoskeletal and joint activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this review is to discuss the utility and reliability of this non-invasive diagnostic tool for the assessment of joint disease in SLE patients. In the last decade, several reports have highlighted the role of ultrasonography for a better evaluation of SLE-related musculoskeletal symptoms. The symptoms have also been associated with worse outcomes in SLE; therefore, it is essential to seek useful and accessible techniques for better understanding of such patients who are insufficiently assessed by standard physical examination.

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