Abstract
Prophylactic use of antiviral agents against cytomegalovirus (CMV) is particularly indicated for the immunocompromised host because morbidity and mortality due to CMV occur most frequently following immunosuppression. We have evaluated the new Riker compound S26308 for its therapeutic and prophylactic antiviral activity against CMV in guinea pigs. The efficacy of the compound was assessed in vitro in guinea pig embryo cells and in vivo in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised guinea pigs. Guinea pig CMV plaque formation was reduced only in cells treated with S26308 prior to virus infection. The antiviral activity remained even when the compound was removed after virus absorption and was due to neither virus destruction nor inhibition of cell growth. The frequency of viremia was reduced in guinea pigs for which S26308 therapy was initiated 24 h prior to virus inoculation compared with sham-treated animals. This reduction in the frequency of viremia did not prevent virus spread to target tissues but did result in a reduction of the severity of CMV-induced disease in immunocompromised guinea pigs. Low levels of interferon were detected in supernatants of S26308-treated cells, and interferon was detected in the serum of guinea pigs given S26308. These results indicate that S26308 can induce interferon and reduce CMV infectivity in vivo and in vitro when used prophylactically. This antiviral activity, although modest, was accompanied by beneficial effects on CMV-induced morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic use of S26308 in combination with other therapeutic agents may be a useful strategy against CMV infections.