Abstract
Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea has recently been noted after various treatment modalities for obstructive sleep apnea. It often remits spontaneously or can be treated with continuous positive airway pressure. However, we encountered a pediatric patient with obstructive sleep apnea who presented with severe complications, including growth failure, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, poor school performance, daytime sleepiness, and urinary difficulty that required permanent cystostomy. His obstructive sleep apnea resolved after adenotonsillectomy. However, treatment-emergent central sleep apnea developed after adenotonsillectomy and was further aggravated after continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure without a backup respiratory rate use. After bilevel positive airway pressure with a backup respiratory rate treatment for 3 months initially, all his symptoms improved, except growth failure. Later, after adaptive servoventilation was used for 10 months, the patient's growth began to improve.