Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To develop a measure of children's sleep environments and to assess its initial reliability and validity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study consisted of an online survey for parents of children ages 5-18 years across the United States. A total of 840 parents/caregivers (M(age) = 40.6 years, standard deviation = 8.6; 72.0% female) completed surveys regarding a target child (M(age) = 10.4 years, standard deviation = 3.8). The items on the scale that was developed were evaluated with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in separate random sample halves of the dataset. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated to assess internal consistency across multiple demographic groups. We explored convergent and discriminant validity by examining associations with measures from the nomological net of constructs surrounding the children's sleep environment. Finally, we examined incremental/unique predictive validity of the full scale and its subscales through regression analyses. RESULTS: The Children's and Adolescents' Sleep Environment Scale (13 items) produced 3 factors: general environmental hazards (7 items), availability of bedding materials (2 items), and presence of electronics (4 items). The full scale and its subscales showed strong discriminant validity, and analyses suggested that the Children's and Adolescents' Sleep Environment Scale and its subscales were generalizable across diverse demographic groups. Finally, after controlling for children's sleep hygiene, sleep disturbances, behavioral problems, and family functioning, the full-scale Children's and Adolescents' Sleep Environment Scale significantly predicted children's sleepiness, as did the general environmental hazards and presence of electronics subscales in a separate regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The Children's and Adolescents' Sleep Environment Scale shows strong psychometric properties and has emerged as both a reliable and valid indicator of children's and adolescents' sleep environments and their potential impact on children's sleep and sleep-related behavior. CITATION: Peltz JS, Rogge RD, Elmore-Staton L, Spilsbury J, Buckhalt JA. The development of a scale to assess children's and adolescents' sleep environments. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(10):2353-2365.