Abstract
Background: Liposomes have been a useful tool to analyze membrane behavior. Various studies have attempted to induce biological activities, for example, buddings, divisions, and endocytosis, on liposomes, focusing on lipid rafts that move along electric fields. Materials and Methods: Liposomes consisting of soybean lecithin, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol were prepared, with inner and outer liquid conductivities of 0.595 and 1.564 S/m, respectively. Results: We tried to induce buddings by pulsed electric fields (PEFs) on liposomes. Results demonstrated that 1.248 kV/cm, 400 μs PEF promoted postpulse liposome buddings, which were preceded by a membrane relaxation. Although a transient thick area (a lipid raft-like area) on the membrane just after PEF application preceded buddings, it was not the sufficient factor for buddings. Conclusion: We established a brief model as follows: 1.248 kV/cm, 400 μs PEF induced the lipid membrane relaxation without electroporation to trigger buddings. The current results could be a new frontier in bioelectrics.