Abstract
Ion channels and ionic transporters are expressed in every cell in the body, including the cells of the immune system. This international meeting was dedicated to some of the latest advances in the field and covered a range of topics in seven presentations. Zinc transport by the ZIP7 transporter expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, transporting Zn(2+) into the cytoplasm, was shown to be essential for B-cell development and functioning. Consequently, complete loss of ZIP7 was likely to be fatal (Sophie Hambleton). The protein kinase domain of TRPM7 cation channel was involved in proinflammatory T-cell differentiation (Susanna Zierler). A particularly novel development focused on 'optogenetic immunotherapy' involving photo-switchable Ca(2+) (STIM1/ORAI) signaling in T-cells enabling spatially and temporally distinct immune signaling including transcriptional reprogramming (Yubin Zhou). Starting with genetic screening and functional genomics, T-cells were shown to express a volume-regulated anion (Cl(-)) channel (with LRRC8C and LRRC8A as essential components). The channel's activity controlled production of inflammatory cytokines and autoimmunity in the murine spinal cord (Axel Concepcion). Ca(2+) signaling induced by CRAC/ORAI in TH17 lymphocytes in neuroinflammatory spinal cord was studied further by confocal imaging. Treg cells were found to inhibit TH17 functioning, in part, by suppressing Ca(2+) signaling. This approach could open up a novel immunotherapy method (Michael Cahalan). S1PR (a GPCR that mediates S1P signaling) and SPNS2, a lymphatic S1P transporter, controlling T-cell trafficking in lymph nodes were characterized by Susan Schwab. Finally, pathogenic/damaged cytosolic DNA binding to the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase protein to enable synthesis of the secondary messenger cyclic GMP-AMP, leading to immune response involving production of cytokines and activation of natural killer cells was demonstrated by David Raulet. Thus, the meeting highlighted how studies of cellular ion channels and ionic transporters could elucidate both the understanding of immune cell functioning and, ultimately, improve its clinical management.