Abstract
A racing pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica), a straggler from Taiwan, was sheltered in Nara Prefecture, Japan in 2020. This pigeon showed hemolysis and elevated levels of hepatobiliary and muscle enzymes. Gametocytes of Haemoproteus columbae (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida) were observed within the host erythrocytes in thin blood smears. A partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene amplified from blood DNA was identical to the lineage HAECOL1 previously reported from pigeons worldwide. This is the first record of H. columbae infection in a sheltered bird in Japan.