Abstract
This study analyzed genetic diversity, combining ability, and biochemical traits in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) for improved productivity and quality. Six parents were crossed in line × tester design and data were recorded for seven traits for estimation of heterosis, general and specific combining ability variances and effects. The genetic diversity was estimated though DNA markers. The analysis of variance revealed that significant differences among genotypes for studied characters indicated the presence of considerable amount of genetic variability among the genotypes. The per se performance of hybrids was higher than parents suggesting the possibility for heterotic hybrids. Combining ability effects revealed the presence of (non)additive gene action for the traits considered. Overall hybrids GAO 5 × AOL 20 - 03, GAO 8 × AOL 20 - 03 and AOL 21 - 10 × AOL 20 - 03 may be directly exploited for improving yield and nutritional qualities. Two molecular markers ISSR and RAPD markers revealed 88.04% polymorphism. The PIC value was highest in OPB-18 (RAPD) and Echt 5 (ISSR) (PIC-0.87). Fourteen accessions clustered into seven groups, with genetic similarity ranging from 0.37 to 1.00. Analyzing genetic diversity and combining ability in okra genotypes reveals the potential for developing superior, high-yielding, and nutrient-rich hybrids, which can significantly enhance productivity and crop quality. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-026-04714-1.