Abstract
Extracts from Mangifera indica leaves and its main component, mangiferin, have proven antidiabetic activity. In this study, mangiferin and its natural derivatives Homomangiferin (HMF), Isomangiferin (IMF), Neomangiferin (NMF), Glucomangiferin (GMF), Mangiferin 6'-gallate (MFG), and Norathyriol (NRT) were compared regarding their action on Diabetes mellitus (DM), employing docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze interactions with the aldose reductase enzyme, the precursor to the conversion of glucose into sorbitol. Notably, HMF showed significant affinity to residues in the active site of the enzyme, including Trp 79, His 110, Trp 111, Phe 122, and Phe 300, with an energy of - 7.2 kcal/mol, observed in the molecular docking simulations. MD reinforced the formation of stable complexes for HMF and MFG with the aldose reductase, with interaction potential energies (IPE) in the order of - 300.812 ± 52 kJ/mol and - 304.812 ± 52 kJ/mol, respectively. The drug-likeness assessment, by multiparameter optimization (MPO), highlighted that HMF and IMF have similarities with polyphenols and glycosidic flavonoids recently patented as antidiabetics, revealing that high polarity (TPSA > 180 Å(2)) is a favorable property for subcutaneous administration, especially because of the gradual passive cell permeability values in biological tissues, with P(app) values estimated at < 10 × 10(-6) cm/s. These compounds are metabolically stable against metabolic enzymes, resulting in a low toxic incidence by metabolic activation, corroborating with a lethal dose (LD(50)) greater than 2000 mg/kg. In this way, HMF showed a systematic alignment between predicted pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, characterizing it as the most favorable substance for inhibiting aldose reductase. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03978-9.