Abstract
Lignocellulose is a plentiful and intricate biomass substance made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides characterized by different compositions and degrees of polymerization. As renewable resources, their applications are eco-friendly and can help reduce reliance on petrochemical resources. This review aims to illustrate cellulose, hemicellulose, and their structures and hydrolytic enzymes. To obtain desirable enzyme sources for the high hydrolysis of lignocellulose, highly stable, efficient and thermophilic enzyme sources, and new technologies, such as rational design and machine learning, have been introduced in detail. Generally, the efficient biodegradation of abundant natural biomass into fermentable sugars or other intermediates has great potential in practical applications. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03819-1.