Abstract
The aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize novel electrospun nanofibers composed of biochar, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (ALG), and glyoxal (GO). Biochar, known for its exceptional adsorption capacity, was integrated into the polymer matrix to enhance pollutant removal efficiency. Glyoxal was added to improve the nanofibers' electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. The electrospinning process was optimized to produce uniform, bead-free nanofibers by maintaining a 15 cm needle-to-collector distance, a 20 kV voltage, and a 0.8 mL/h feed rate. Characterization techniques such as FESEM, FTIR, XRD, and BET were employed to analyze the morphology, chemical composition, and surface properties of the nanofibers. The results confirmed the successful incorporation of biochar into the polymer matrix, revealing unique structural and morphological properties in the composite material. The research describes a comprehensive method for synthesizing biochar-loaded nanofibers and reports useful characterization information that could inform future research to optimize nanofiber composition for particular environmental applications.•Biochar enhances pollutant adsorption capacity, while glyoxal improves electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. Sodium alginate (ALG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) contribute to biocompatibility and processability, resulting in versatile composite materials.•Nanofiber mats were fabricated using varying concentrations of biochar, ALG, and PVA, with an ALG/PVA ratio of 20:80 % and biochar concentrations of 1 % (w/w).•Optimal electrospinning conditions included a 15 cm needle-to-collector distance, a 20 kV applied voltage, and a feed rate of 0.8 ml/h, ensuring the production of high-quality nanofibers.Method name: Electrospinning.