Abstract
AIMS: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a common comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to modulate erythropoiesis and iron metabolism, but their association remains unclear. This cohort study investigated whether SGLT2i use, compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), is associated with a lower incidence of IDA in T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed data from the IQVIA™ Disease Analyzer, a German electronic medical records database (ICD-10) from office-based practices. Patients with T2DM (≥18 years) who initiated SGLT2i or DPP-4i therapy alongside metformin between 2012 and 2022 were included. Those with prior anaemia diagnoses were excluded. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed based on age, sex, baseline HbA1c, duration of metformin use, and anaemia-related comorbidities. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare IDA incidence between cohorts over a 5-year follow-up. RESULTS: In total 28 441 propensity score matched patients per cohort were analysed. The cumulative 5-year incidence of IDA was significantly lower in the SGLT2i (6.9%) versus DPP-4i cohort (11.3%) (p < 0.001). SGLT2i use was associated with a decreased risk of IDA (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.58-0.78). Subgroup analyses confirmed this association in males and elder patients (>60 years), while the protective effect was limited to metformin use under 3 years. CONCLUSION: SGLT2i therapy was associated with a lower incidence of IDA in T2DM patients compared to DPP-4i therapy. These findings suggest a potential hematologic benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors, warranting further investigation in randomised controlled trials.