Abstract
This study was initiated to evaluate the association of acute pancreatitis (AP) with the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors among patients with diabetes in Japan. A retrospective cohort study of a large medical and pharmacy claims database was performed to compare the incidence of AP among those receiving DPP-4 inhibitors and those receiving other oral antidiabetic drugs. The incidence of all AP and hospitalizations for AP was similar between the two groups. Previous exposure to DPP-4 inhibitors did not affect occurrence of AP in patients on other oral antidiabetic drugs. The Kaplan-Meier curve for time to AP was similar between the two groups, and was not affected by previous exposure to DPP-4 inhibitors. The Cox proportional hazard models showed the incidence of AP was not significantly higher in those receiving DPP-4 inhibitors. Despite numerous, important limitations related to claims database-based analyses, our results indicate that there is no increased risk of AP with use of DPP-4 inhibitors among patients with diabetes in Japan.