Abstract
Both congestive heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are important and increasingly common forms of cardiovascular disease in the 21(st) century. Heart failure is often complicated by AF, and AF can exacerbate and, in some cases, cause HF, also known as tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC). Restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm in the majority of AF patients with TIC can lead to an improvement in left ventricular function and dramatic symptomatic relief. This can be accomplished by surgical ablation; specifically, the Cox-Maze IV procedure (CMP IV), in those refractory to medical and catheter-based ablation, and those patients undergoing concomitant cardiac operation. However, many surgeons are reluctant to perform stand-alone or concomitant CMP IV in this high-risk cohort of patients. In this review, the over three decades of experience with surgical ablation will be reviewed along with the essential information that surgeons need to be aware of as they participate in the team-based care of patients with AF and HF.