Abstract
BACKGROUND: Marfan syndrome (MFS) represents a genetic disorder with variable phenotypic expression. The main cardiovascular sequelae of MFS include aortic aneurysm/dissection and cardiomyopathy. Although significant advances in the understanding of transforming growth factor beta signaling have led to promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of aortopathy, clinical studies have tempered this optimism. In particular, these studies suggest additional signaling pathways that play a significant role in disease progression. To date, studies aimed at elucidating molecular mechanisms involved in MFS-induced disease progression have been hampered by the lack of an accelerated disease model. METHODS: Wild-type B6.129 mice and MFS Fbn1(C1039G/+) mice underwent subcutaneous, cervical osmotic minipump installation with sodium chloride (wild-type mice, n = 39; MFS mice, n = 12) or angiotensin II, 4.5 mg/kg daily (wild-type mice, n = 11; MFS mice; n = 35) for as long as 28 days. Hemodynamic measurements were obtained throughout the experiment. Aortas and hearts were analyzed by transthoracic echocardiography and histopathology study. RESULTS: This accelerated murine MFS model replicates increased mortality from MFS-related maladies (20.0%, 39.3%, and 52.9% at 10, 14, and 28 days, respectively). Aortic diameters in accelerated MFS mice were significantly enlarged at 10 days after minipump implantation and correlated with a higher degree of elastin fragmentation. Accelerated MFS mice also demonstrated dilated cardiomyopathy at 14 days, even without aortic insufficiency, suggesting an intrinsic etiology. CONCLUSIONS: A novel in vivo model consisting of subcutaneously delivered angiotensin II in MFS mice reproducibly causes accelerated aortic aneurysm formation and cardiomyopathy. This model allows for better investigation of MFS sequelae by rapid experimental processes.