Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential regulators of RNA expression during both transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Recent evidence indicates that dysregulation of RBPs is associated with cancer initiation and progression. Among these, RBFOX2 has been identified as exhibiting variable expression patterns across different cancers and is implicated in various malignant processes, including tumor growth, metastasis, ferroptosis, stemness, and chemoresistance. Despite these findings, the precise mechanisms by which RBFOX2 contributes to carcinogenesis remain largely unexplored. In this comprehensive review, we systematically examine the multifaceted functions of RBFOX2 in tumorigenesis, with a particular focus on its roles in alternative splicing, mRNA stability, and microRNA processing. Upon elucidating the specific roles of RBFOX2 in various cancers, targeted drugs can be devised to inhibit cancer development. Furthermore, we evaluate the specific roles of RBFOX2 in various cancer types, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, myeloid leukemia, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. By providing an in-depth analysis, we aim to establish RBFOX2 as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer biology and treatment, thereby offering new insights for future research.