Abstract
In this study, a novel method was developed to measure acidic and basic drugs in biological and wastewater samples. The method used magnetic nanoparticles based on Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and then identifying with HPLC-UV. The magnetic nanoparticle (Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)@Kit-6@NH(2)) has been used as an efficient adsorbent for the extraction of acidic and basic drugs ibuprofen (IFB), fenoprofen calcium (FPC), methocarbamol (MTC), and clonazepam (CZP). The magnetic nanoparticle was characterized by techniques including SEM, XRD, EDX, and FT-IR. The effect of various parameters in the V-D-μ-SPE method was studied completely through the design of the response surface methodology (RSM) of the Box-Behnken design (BBD) based response method and the utility function. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized including sample pH, adsorbent amount, absorption time, the salt concentration in the sample solution, CTAB of concentration, desorption time, and the volume of an eluent. After optimization, the limit of detection and calibration curve in the linear range were obtained 0.062-0.32 μg L(-1) and 0.1-800 μg L(-1), respectively. Its linear correlation was R (2)> 0.9951. The relative standard deviation (n = 5) was between 2.4% and 5.1%. Finally, this method was used to determine target analytes in human serum, urine, and wastewater.•In this study, for the first time, a novel method for the determination of some drugs from human serum, urine, and wastewater samples.•The Synthesized Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)@Kit-6@NH(2) NPs based V-D-μ-SPE was characterized by techniques including SEM, XRD, EDX, and FT-IR.•The effects of various parameters in the V-D-μ-SPE methods were studied through the design of the RSM of BBD.