Abstract
This editorial discusses Pellegrino and Gravina's essay. Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex and multifactorial disease that is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While genetic factors play a key role in the development of the disease, environmental factors also play a significant role in influencing the risk of developing CD. By looking at present understanding of CD pathogenesis, we emphasize the important factors involved in the development of this illness, such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2, smoking, and vitamin D. Understanding the interplay between genetic and environmental factors is crucial for developing effective strategies for preventing and treating this chronic inflammatory bowel disease.