Abstract
Understanding and addressing health care disparities relies on collecting and reporting accurate data in clinical care and research. Data regarding a child's race, ethnicity, and language; sexual orientation and gender identity; and socioeconomic and geographic characteristics are important to ensure equity in research practices and reported outcomes. Disparities are known to exist across these sociodemographic categories. More consistent, accurate data collection could improve understanding of study results and inform approaches to resolve disparities in child health. However, published guidance on standardized collection of these data in children is limited, and given the evolving nature of sociocultural identities, requires frequent updates. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network, a multi-institutional network dedicated to pediatric emergency research, developed a Health Disparities Working Group in 2021 to support and advance equitable pediatric emergency research. The working group, which includes clinicians involved in pediatric emergency medical care and researchers with expertise in pediatric disparities and the conduct of pediatric research, prioritized creating a guide for approaches to collecting race, ethnicity, and language; sexual orientation and gender identity; and socioeconomic and geographic data during the conduct of research in pediatric emergency care settings. Our aims with this guide are to summarize existing barriers to sociodemographic data collection in pediatric emergency research, highlight approaches to support the consistent and reproducible collection of these data, and provide rationale for suggested approaches. These approaches may help investigators collect data through a process that is inclusive, consistent across studies, and better informs efforts to reduce disparities in child health.