Abstract
Background. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face persistent challenges in reducing pediatric mortality, particularly in emergency settings. Simulation-based training (SBT) offers a practical solution to improve pediatric emergency care by enhancing healthcare providers' skills and clinical decision-making. Objective. This narrative review explores the effectiveness, challenges, and implementation strategies of SBT for pediatric emergency care in LMICs. Methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases and 36 selected articles were included. Results. Findings highlight significant improvements in clinical skills, teamwork, and decision-making through SBT, with low-fidelity and in-situ simulations emerging as cost-effective alternatives for these settings. Case studies from Ghana, India, and Uganda showcase innovative, affordable models, including task-trainers and homemade mannequins, which address local barriers. Despite its potential, further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes and establish standardized assessment metrics. Conclusion. SBT represents a scalable and impactful strategy to strengthen pediatric emergency care and reduce child mortality in LMICs.