Conclusions
This study provides the first evidence that osteogenic cells in the blood home to sites of vascular injury and are associated with HO formation in heart valves.
Objective
Approximately 13% of aortic valves removed from patients with end-stage aortic valve disease contain heterotopic ossification (HO). Recently, we identified a novel population of circulating osteogenic precursor (COP) cells that are derived from bone marrow and have the capability to form bone. These cells are identified by coexpression of the osteogenic marker type 1 collagen or osteoclacin and the hematopoietic marker CD45. We tested the hypothesis that these cells may contribute to heart valve stenosis.
Results
Quantification of CD45(+) osteoclacin(+) COP cells by flow cytometry showed that they represent up to 1.1% of mononuclear cells. Clonally derived COP cells produce bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 by immunohistochemical analysis. We reviewed 105 cases of end-stage aortic valvular disease and confirmed HO in 13 archived specimens. Using immunohistochemistry, we identified COP cells by coexpression of CD45 and type 1 collagen. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of COP cells and early HO lesions. COP cells were negligible in regions of unaffected valve leaflets (no HO) from the same individuals. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that osteogenic cells in the blood home to sites of vascular injury and are associated with HO formation in heart valves.