Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disease affecting dopaminergic (DA) neurons, is characterized by decline of motor function and cognition. Dopaminergic cell loss is associated with accumulation of toxic alpha synuclein aggregates. As DA neuron death occurs late in the disease, therapeutics that block the spread of alpha synuclein may offer functional benefit and delay disease progression. To test this hypothesis, we generated antibodies to the C terminal region of synuclein with high nanomolar affinity and characterized them in in vitro and in vivo models of spread. Interestingly, we found that only antibodies with high affinity to the distal most portion of the C-terminus robustly reduced uptake of alpha synuclein preformed fibrils (PFF) and accumulation of phospho (S129) alpha synuclein in cell culture. Additionally, the antibody treatment blocked the spread of phospho (S129) alpha synuclein associated-pathology in a mouse model of synucleinopathy. Blockade of neuronal PFF uptake by different antibodies was more predictive of in vivo activity than their binding potency to monomeric or oligomeric forms of alpha synuclein. These data demonstrate that antibodies directed to the C-terminus of the alpha synuclein have differential effects on target engagement and efficacy. Furthermore, our data provides additional support for the development of alpha synuclein antibodies as a therapeutic strategy for PD patients.