Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the incidence and mortality of AIDS-related diseases, bringing the life expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals close to that of uninfected individuals. However, the incidence and mortality rates of tumors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) have not decreased. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is a major cause of cervical cancer and other related malignancies, and the risk of HPV infection and the incidence of related diseases are higher among HIV-infected individuals. Although the World Health Organization provides screening recommendations for the general population, there is a lack of guidelines for cervical and anal cancer screening specifically in HIV-positive patients. Further research is urgently needed to develop effective preventive measures. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics and associations of HPV infections and related cancers in HIV-infected women, providing reference for prevention and treatment.