Abstract
PURPOSE: We aimed to characterize a novel bla(NDM-5) and bla(KPC-2) co-carrying hybrid plasmid from a clinical carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strain. METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the broth microdilution method. Plasmid size and localization were estimated using S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) and Southern blotting. Plasmid transfer ability was evaluated by conjugation experiments. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using Illumina NovaSeq6000 and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms. Genomic characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. RESULTS: Strain ZY27320 was a multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical ST11 K. pneumoniae strain that confers high-level resistance to carbapenems (meropenem, MIC 128 mg/L; imipenem, MIC 64 mg/L) and ceftazidime/avibactam (MIC >128/4 mg/L). Both S1-PFGE-Southern blotting and whole genome sequencing revealed that the carbapenemase genes bla(KPC-2) and bla(NDM-5) were carried by the same IncFII(pHN7A8):IncR:IncN hybrid plasmid (pKPC2_NDM5). Conjugation experiments indicated that pKPC2_NDM5 was a non-conjugative plasmid. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a hybrid plasmid carrying both carbapenemase genes bla(NDM-5) and bla(KPC-2) in a clinical K. pneumoniae ST11 isolate that confers resistance to both ceftazidime/avibactam and carbapenems, thereby presenting a serious threat to treatment in clinical practice.