Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expression of GPRC5A in pan-cancer and its correlation with clinical outcomes, tumor immune microenvironment, and biological functions. Methods: The expression of GPRC5A was analyzed using 33 tumor datasets from the TCGA, GTEx and TCGA databases. Immunohistochemical images from the HPA database were also examined. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to assess the prognostic value of GPRC5A. Correlations between GPRC5A expression and clinical parameters were investigated. Nomogram models were developed to predict survival probabilities. The correlation between GPRC5A expression and tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed using the GEPIA2 database. Functional enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were performed to explore the biological functions associated with GPRC5A. Results: GPRC5A exhibited varying expression levels across different types of tumors, with high expression observed in 11 types of cancer tissues. Aberrant GPRC5A expression was correlated with overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval in specific cancers. Specific clinicopathological features were found to be associated with GPRC5A expression in six tumors. Nomogram models incorporating GPRC5A expression demonstrated significant clinical utility in predicting survival probabilities for patients with ACC, KIRC, LGG, and PAAD. GPRC5A was also found to be associated with the tumor immune microenvironment. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of GPRC5A-related genes in various biological processes and functions. Conclusion: This study highlights the differential expression of GPRC5A in pan-cancer and its correlation with clinical outcomes. GPRC5A shows potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in specific cancers. Moreover, its association with the tumor immune microenvironment suggests its involvement in the tumor immune response. The findings provide valuable insights into the biological roles of GPRC5A in tumors and contribute to our understanding of its clinical implications.