Abstract
Classical thermodynamics (CT) has become integrated into everyday life, especially through its applications in engineering. In contrast, out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics (OET) is often viewed as a fundamental science that seems distant from daily experiences. While "energy" is a familiar term in households, "entropy," which refers to degraded energy, remains enigmatic. This gap in understanding has significant implications for developing effective sustainability practices. CT typically emphasizes the efficiency of individual systems that produce work, often overlooking the entropy production that occurs within larger, interconnected systems. This paper aims to establish a philosophical framework that transforms OET into what is referred to as "lived thermodynamics." This framework is grounded in pragmatism, particularly drawing from the early synthesis of thermodynamics and evolutionary theory proposed by Charles S. Peirce. A central aspect of this approach involves shifting the focus from traditional "systems" to out-of-equilibrium assemblages. In these assemblages, the physical trends of entropy production are often interrupted and redirected by evolutionary innovations and random events. The evolving envelope of open systems within these assemblages manifests an increasing rate of entropy production. This synthesis of thermodynamics and evolutionary theory builds on Lotka's pioneering contributions and contemporary theories, particularly Vermeij's work on the evolution of power. The framework introduces a sustainability criterion based on entropy. By applying this criterion, OET can evolve into "lived thermodynamics," fostering a holistic understanding of energy use in devices and technological systems while considering the broader implications of entropy production in the out-of-equilibrium assemblages in which we live.