Abstract
Anesthesiology is crucial to modern medical care. In Morocco, significant progress has been made in anesthesiology patient safety since the early 20th century, thanks to advances in pharmacology, technology, and training. However, challenges persist that call for rigorous action. Our study assesses the current state of anesthetic practice in Morocco and aims to propose an integrated framework adapted to the Moroccan context in order to sustainably improve anesthetic practice. Additionally, this article presents a systematic and structured review of the literature, accompanied by a contextual synthesis based on an adapted PRISMA method. The analysis is based on three main studies, chosen for their relevance and methodological quality, as well as on complementary references from databases. Thus, the synthesis of the three selected articles provides a comprehensive view of anesthesiology safety issues. It describes international advances and promising innovations, as well as the challenges faced by low- and middle-income countries. In the context of Morocco, the findings highlight both convergences and divergences in patient safety practices. Specific challenges include territorial disparities, a shortage of professionals, financial and material constraints, insufficient continuing education, and the absence of an adequate legislative framework. Additionally, this study highlights the initiatives underway and the implementations carried out by the new reforms, which aims to remedy persistent deficits and raise all aspects and areas necessary to adopt solutions appropriate to Moroccan realities. Finally, to enhance patient safety in Moroccan anesthesiology, a multidisciplinary collaboration is needed that prioritizes the ongoing development of national standardized guidelines, competency-based training with continuous maintenance of competence, and the establishment of clear legal and regulatory standards for licensing, accreditation, and minimum safety requirements during anesthesia. This strategy should integrate technological innovations tailored to local resources and socioeconomic realities, supported by continuous research and structured patient engagement. By addressing ethical, regulatory, and resource-specific barriers, these measures will help establish safe, high-quality anesthesiology in care delivery.