Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Current research aims to monitor the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) in healthcare facilities due to the development of resistance to antimicrobials. The study aimed to elucidate the interplay between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation, two key factors contributing to virulence of bacteria. METHODS: This study was conducted in One Health Laboratory (OHL) at Center for Advanced Studies, Agriculture and Food Security (CAS AFS), and institute of Microbiology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad within six months (Feb-Aug 2023). A total of 50 urine catheter samples were obtained from Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (meropenem, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin) was conducted to determine the resistance profiles of the isolates in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Additionally, the biofilm formation ability of the isolates was assessed using crystal violet staining. RESULTS: Out of 50 samples, 13 were positive and were confirmed as multidrug resistant. The investigation of antibiotic resistance revealed a high prevalence of MDR A. baumannii strains from urinary catheters. The rate of infection was observed higher in males (77%), patients among the age group 10-25 and above 46 years (38.46%), and those who have been diagnosed with urinary tract infection (46.13%). The observed rate of biofilm formation was strong (62%) followed by moderate (7%), and weak (31%) in all MDR isolates. Carbapenem-resistant isolates exhibit a strong correlation with biofilm formation. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that A. baumannii isolated from the patients with urinary tract infections had resistance to routinely used antibiotics. The isolates have shown hemolysis pattern (α & γ) and tendency to make biofilms. Moreover, except for ceftriaxone which showed negative correlations, a positive correlation was observed between biofilm biomass and the resistance profile to the remaining three antibiotics.