Abstract
Delivering localized treatment to the paranasal sinuses for diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is particularly challenging because of the small natural openings leading from the sinuses that can be further obstructed by presence of inflammation. As such, oral steroids, topical nasal sprays or irrigation, and surgery can be utilized to treat persistent sinonasal inflammation, but there exists a need for post-operative options for long-term steroid delivery to prevent disease recurrence. In the present study, a Thermogel, Extended-release Microsphere-based-delivery to the Paranasal Sinuses (TEMPS) is developed with the corticosteroid mometasone furoate. Specifically, the bioactive steroid is released for 4 weeks from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres embedded in a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (p-NIPAAm)-based hydrogel. The temperature-responsive system undergoes a reversible sol-gel transition at 34-35 °C such that it can be applied as a liquid at ambient temperature, conforming to the sinonasal epithelium as it gels. In a rabbit model of CRS, TEMPS was maintained in rabbit sinuses and effectively reduced sinonasal inflammation as characterized by micro-computed tomography and histopathology analysis. Ultimately, the combination of controlled release microspheres with a thermoresponsive hydrogel provides flexibility for encapsulating therapeutics in a reversible and conforming system for localized delivery to the sinuses.