Abstract
The deterioration of human health due to unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits has led to a worldwide increase in various metabolic diseases that significantly affect public health. Diabetes is one of the most serious health problems, is caused by abnormal metabolic processes and is becoming increasingly common. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) reports, a significant proportion of the world's population suffers from these diseases and their incidence continues to rise at an alarming rate. These metabolic disorders are characterised by elevated blood sugar levels, which serve as a warning sign for a variety of other health problems. Factors contributing to these diseases include a high-fat diet, insufficient physical activity, genetic predisposition, lack of exercise and underlying diseases. Diabetes mellitus, a fast-growing chronic metabolic disease, is characterised by insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or the body's inability to use insulin action. Various strategies are recommended by health and nutrition experts to manage this condition, including lifestyle changes, exercise, low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets and intermittent fasting. In cases where these measures prove insufficient, medication may be prescribed. However, the development of multi-drug therapies for metabolic disorders has proven to be an attractive field for pharmacists as they address several diseases simultaneously. Despite the promising effects of multi-drug therapies, the high costs and potential side effects associated with recently developed drugs necessitate alternative approaches. The utilisation of natural bioactive compounds from plant extracts represents a promising high-throughput strategy. This approach utilises network pharmacology and screening methods to identify potential ligands that act as inhibitors for the treatment of complex, interconnected diseases. In the current investigation, we used a molecular docking approach to investigate secondary metabolites from millet as potential multi-target ligands for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.