Tofacitinib facilitates the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and ameliorates interstitial lung disease in SKG mice

Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is a sometimes life-threatening complication in RA patients. SKG mice develop not only arthritis but also an ILD resembling RA-ILD. We previously reported that tofacitinib, a JAK inhibitor, facilitates the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and ameliorates arthritis in SKG mice. The

Tofacitinib facilitates the expansion of MDSCs in the lung and ameliorates ILD in SKG mice.

We assessed the effect of tofacitinib on the zymosan (Zym)-induced ILD in SKG mice histologically and examined the cells infiltrating the lung by flow cytometry. The effects of lung MDSCs on T cell proliferation and Th17 cell differentiation were assessed in vitro. We also evaluated the effects of tofacitinib on MDSCs and dendritic cells in vitro.

Tofacitinib significantly suppressed the progression of ILD compared to the control SKG mice. The MDSCs were increased, while Th17 cells, group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s), and GM-CSF+ILCs were decreased in the lungs of tofacitinib-treated mice. MDSCs isolated from the inflamed lungs suppressed T cell proliferation and Th17 cell differentiation in vitro. Tofacitinib promoted MDSC expansion and suppressed bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) differentiation in vitro.