Abstract
BACKGROUND: Two types of stress, bending stress and traction stress, have been reported to be involved in the mechanism of Jones fracture. However, little is known about the risk factors for traction stress. PURPOSE: To classify the attachment position of the peroneus brevis muscle (PB), peroneus tertius (PT), lateral band of the plantar aponeurosis (LB), and the long plantar ligament (LPL), focusing on the zone where a Jones fracture occurs (zone 2), and to compare the footprint area of each tissue type. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS: This study examined 102 legs from 55 Japanese cadavers. Type classification was performed by focusing on the positional relationship between each tissue attachment and the zone where Jones fracture occurs (zone 2). The classifications were as follows: type I, attached proximal to the border between zones 1 and 2; type IIa, attached to the border between zones 1 and 2 with one attached part; and type IIb, attached across the border between zones 1 and 2 with two or more attached parts. The footprint areas of the PB, PT, LB, and LPL were compared between tissue types and within each attachment classification. RESULTS: The PB was recorded as type I in 41 feet (40.2%), type IIa in 56 feet (54.9%), and type IIb in 5 feet (4.9%); the PT was recorded as type IIa in 54 feet (60.0%) and type IIb in 36 feet (40.0%); and the LB was recorded as type I in 27 feet (26.5%) and type IIa in 75 feet (73.5%). The LPL did not attach to the fifth metatarsal bone. No significant difference was found in the footprint area between type I PB and type I LB. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that type I, which attaches proximal to zone 2, occurs with PB and LB, and there was no significant difference in the footprint area between them. These findings suggest that type I is involved in traction stress. In the future, biomechanical research based on the results of this study will be necessary. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results of this study provide basic research for investigating the mechanism of Jones fracture and the cause of delayed healing.