Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The treatment options for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), particularly following BCG, remain limited. We highlight recent, promising therapies for high-risk NMIBC. RECENT FINDINGS: Several therapies utilizing different mechanisms of action have demonstrated favorable results in the BCG-naïve and BCG-unresponsive settings. These treatments include intravenous and intravesical immunotherapy, viral- and bacterial-based intravesical therapies, combination intravesical chemotherapy regimens, and novel intravesical chemotherapy administration. Overall, the efficacy and tolerability of emerging treatments for NMIBC appear promising and provide potential alternatives to radical cystectomy. As the landscape of managing BCG-unresponsive disease evolves, clinical trials will explore future options and determine effective alternatives.