Simultaneous repair of pectus excavatum and congenital heart disease without cardiopulmonary bypass or sternal osteotomy

A 8-year-old girl with severe pectus excavatum and an atrial septal defect had simultaneous repair of the both defects, using thransthoracic occlusion for atrial septal defect and improved Nuss technique for the pectus excavatum. Neither cardiopulmonary bypass nor sternotomy was required in this procedure. Details of the procedure and outcome are described.