Abstract
Neuropsychiatric drugs are essential for the management of mental health disorders, yet their therapeutic effectiveness is often compromised by complex pharmacokinetics (PK), significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs), limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and poor patient adherence. Advanced drug delivery systems (DDSs) offer innovative strategies to overcome these challenges by improving drug solubility, targeting, release kinetics, and systemic exposure profiles. This review critically examines the impact of DDS on the PK and DDI profiles of psychotropic medications, highlighting key technologies such as nanoparticles, transdermal systems, prodrugs, depot formulations, implantables, and smart delivery platforms. By enhancing drug bioavailability and CNS targeting while minimizing systemic toxicity and DDI risks, these systems enable more consistent therapeutic outcomes across diverse neuropsychiatric conditions. This review also explores the integration of DDS with personalized medicine approaches - pharmacogenomics, biomarker-driven delivery, and artificial intelligence - to facilitate tailored treatment strategies. Furthermore, it addresses practical challenges including regulatory hurdles, cost and accessibility, long-term safety data, and patient education. Through interdisciplinary innovation and strategic implementation, DDSs are poised to revolutionize neuropsychiatric pharmacotherapy by offering safer, more effective, and patient-centric solutions.