Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a type of cancer cell that spreads from the main tumor to the bloodstream, and they are often the most important among the various entities that can be isolated from the blood. For the diagnosis of cancer, conventional biopsies are often invasive and unreliable, whereas a liquid biopsy, which isolates the affected item from blood or lymph fluid, is a less invasive and effective diagnostic technique. Microfluidic technologies offer a suitable channel for conducting liquid biopsies, and this technology is utilized to extract CTCs in a microfluidic chip by physical and bio-affinity-based techniques. This effort uses functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in a unique microfluidic chip to collect CTCs using a hybrid (physical and bio-affinity-based/guided magnetic) capturing approach with a high capture rate. Accordingly, folic acid-functionalized Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles have been used to capture MCF-7 (breast cancer) CTCs with capture efficiencies reaching up to 95% at a 10 µL/min flow rate. Moreover, studies have been conducted to support this claim, including simulation and biomimetic investigations.