Abstract
The ostracod genus Elpidium, a specialist of phytotelma habitats, has received increased attention during the past decade, with a proliferation of described species, rising from seven to nineteen. These recent studies emphasize the high diversity and endemicity of the genus, and its wide distribution in the Neotropics. Yet many regions are still to be inspected for the presence of Elpidium. In this work, a new species collected from Hispaniola is described, for which only undetermined previous records existed, despite several species being known from the neighboring islands of Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Elpidiumalarconi sp. nov. belongs to the group with a basal expansion on the hemipenis distal lobe, which contains six other species (E.chacoense, E.cordiforme, E.higutiae, E.maricaoense, E.merendonense and E.picinguabaense) and can be distinguished from them by the different shape of the basal expansion (appearing long and digitiform) and by a thin, pointed and L-shaped lower ramus. An updated key is constructed to allow identification of the 20 species of Elpidium described to date, based on shell morphology and soft parts anatomy. The first sequence of the molecular marker 18S for a described species of Elpidium is also presented, and shows its close affinities to members of the genera Gomphodella, Metacypris, and Cytheridella, all in the same clade, separated from the branch where Limnocythere is positioned in the phylogenetic tree. These molecular results, together with strong morphological differences, support the promotion of the subfamily Timiriaseviinae to the family rank, independent from the Limnocytheridae, to which it formerly belonged.