Abstract
A new species, Vitronuracheni sp. nov. (Collembola: Neanuridae) is described from Yongzhou, Hunan Province, China. The new species is characterized by the combination of following characters: 2+2 uncolored big eyes; labral chaetotaxy as 0/2, 2; cephalic tubercle Fr with chaeta O; cephalic tubercles Dl, L and So fused; mandibles with four teeth; maxillae with two lamellae, the long one with a tiny tooth and the short one with pointed tip; labrum truncated; claw without inner tooth; and femur and tibiotarsus with a tenant chaeta. Yuukianuraszeptyckii Deharveng & Weiner, 1984 was reported from China for the first time. Observations of a cultured population of Y.szeptyckii revealed feeding preferences and behavior that differ from those previously reported in other members of Neanurinae. A checklist of Yuukianura species and distributions is also provided.