Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0) or GEM) is an atmospheric form of mercury (Hg)-a toxic heavy metal-that is naturally released in volcanic environments. Research with wild mice demonstrates that chronic exposure to a hydrothermal volcanic environment leads to the bioaccumulation of Hg in the lungs, but also in both the central (CNS) and peripheric (PNS) nervous systems, with marked indications of neurotoxicity. Studies addressing human exposure to volcanogenic Hg(0) are scarce, hence its risks are still unknown. This study aims to evaluate the level of exposure to Hg(0) in children living in a volcanically active environment. METHODOLOGY AND MAIN FINDINGS: Two groups of school-aged children (from 6 to 9 years old) were part of this study: one with children inhabiting a hydrothermal area (exposed group) and another with children inhabiting an area without volcanic activity (non-exposed group). Hair samples were collected from each individual for Hg level analysis. It was found that the levels of Hg in the hair of exposed children were 4.2 times higher than in that of non-exposed children (≈1797.84 ± 454.92 ppb vs. 430.69 ± 66.43 ppb, respectively). CONCLUSION: Given the vast health risks Hg poses, the need to monitor the health of populations inhabiting volcanically active areas is highlighted. Because little is known about the fate, modifications, and effects of Hg(0) in the human body, particularly regarding its effects on the nervous system in children, the development of further research within the scope is strongly encouraged.