Abstract
BACKGROUND: The increased prevalence of cancer and the negative impact of pain on the quality of life of patients underscore the need to implement efficient palliative care interventions and management of pain. The cost-effectiveness of palliative care interventions for cancer, mostly pharmacological and delivered through home-based palliative care services, is unclear. Most of the studies do not take into account indirect costs nor consider variations across different geographical regions. OBJECTIVE: To describe existing and cutting-edge knowledge on cost-effectiveness or item costs related to palliative home-based care for patients with cancer. We evaluated various costs, including direct medical, non-medical, and indirect costs in different geographical regions and analysed how different options for care affect the patients' quality of life and associated expenses. METHODS: This Prospero-registered systematic review (CRD42023404217) adhered to the PRISMA criteria. Following a multistep selection process, we selected 22 articles published between 2013 and 2023 focused on quality of life outcomes and cost-effectiveness of home-based palliative care for cancer patients. RESULTS: Home-based palliative care decreases the number of hospital visits, while its influence on patients quality of life is currently difficult to demonstrate across geographic regions based on available evidence. Overall, home care decreases the costs associated to the palliative care of patients with cancer. The cost structure analysis revealed that besides healthcare costs, informal care expenses and productivity losses represent a significant proportion of overall expenses). In Europe, the direct medical, non-medical, and indirect costs (in purchasing power parity) were on average $1,941, $842, and $1,241, per month per person, respectively. In the USA and Asia, direct medical and indirect costs are on average $1,095 (USA) vs $1,444 (Asia) and $2,192 (USA) vs $1,162 (Asia). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the studies reviewed highlight significant cost variations and potential savings associated with palliative home-based care for cancer patients. Home-based palliative care, particularly involving medications, has shown favorable cost-effectiveness compared to hospital care. Specialized palliative home care, psychological interventions, and outpatient services further contribute to overall cost savings. However, the economic impact varies across different geographical contexts and cost categories, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches in palliative care planning and implementation.