Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are comparatively rare tumours. However, prevalence is increasing steeply, related to rising incidence, earlier detection, and prolonged survival in many cases of metastatic NENs, with implications on healthcare resources. SUMMARY: This commentary/narrative review extracts the relatively scare, available literature related to costs of NEN cancer care, which is mainly based on studies performed in the USA. Key, now implemented or evolving NEN-related treatment options over the last 15 years, is summarised. The commentary further highlights in part preventable aspects that can further contribute to cost pressure in NEN cancer care, including issues related to inappropriate use of available diagnostic tools, and not considering differential diagnoses when assessing people with suspected carcinoid syndrome - with these risks being minimised with access to centres with multi-speciality expertise in the management of people with NENs. Issues observed in people with exocrine and/or endocrine pancreatic deficiencies caused by a NEN or treatment of the NEN are mentioned, as well as some specific aspects related to diagnostics involving 68Ga PET-CT scans and treatment with Lutetium peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (Lu-PRRT). KEY MESSAGES: This commentary summarises factors influencing cost of NEN cancer care, and highlights in part preventable issues mostly related to delayed involvement of a NEN multidisciplinary team, observed in a UK NEN referral centre (ENETS Centre of Excellence certified since 2015) over the last 15 years, resulting in suboptimal management of people with NENs and ultimately adding to cost pressure.