Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection that commonly occurs in patients with severe acquired immunodeficiencies. During the current health contingency, the presence of infection and co-infection by P. jirovecii in critically ill patients is apparently increasing altogether with the risk of fatal outcomes. The following is the case of a man with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, HIV immunosuppression and P. jirovecii coinfection who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical positive pressure ventilatory support. Despite the in-hospital management received, antibiotic therapy, and ventilatory support, the patient presented hemodynamic deterioration with instability, dying on day 20 of hospitalization. Subsequently, a bibliographic review of the current literature is carried out, discussing aspects such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, timely diagnosis, and treatment between the relationship of P. jirovecii and SARS-CoV-2 in critically ill patients.