Abstract
The mechanisms by which 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) exposure adversely affects reproduction are unclear. In the present study, whole neonatal mouse ovaries were exposed to 2,5-HD in vitro and then assessed for progesterone levels to determine the effects of this compound on ovary function. Ovarian histomorphological analyses were performed to assess the effects of 2,5-HD on follicular development, and PI3K signaling pathway was evaluated to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of 2,5-HD-mediated toxicity on follicular development. The results showed that after ovarian exposure to 2,5-HD in vitro, the percentage of secondary follicles decreased, while the progesterone levels and the percentage of unhealthy follicles increased, with oocytes identified as the target of damage. The 2,5-HD treatment significantly decreased the of the gene encoding the apoptosis-related protein caspase-8, and PI3K/AKT/FOXO3 pathway signaling was also altered. Furthermore, the effects of 2,5-HD on the gene expression of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3 and follicular development were blocked by 740Y-P (a PI3K activator), miR-214-3p was abnormally expressed, and luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that the 3' untranslated region of PI3K was a direct target of miR-214-3p. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that 2,5-HD exposure inhibits follicular development, and the underlying mechanism may involve interference with miR-214-3p-mediated regulation of the PI3K signaling pathway.