Abstract
Background/Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections and one of the most common diseases worldwide. These infections induce an enormous financial and economic burden. The most frequent pathogen in UTIs is Escherichia coli (E. coli), which is responsible for over 85% of cases of cystitis and over 60% of recurrent cases. Repeated antibiotic prescriptions increase the risk of bacteria developing resistance, reducing treatment efficacy and limiting long-term therapeutic options. When traditional preventive methods fail to provide protection, other strategies may be necessary. To investigate the effectiveness of vaccination with Uro-Vaxom for the prevention of UTIs based on currently available studies. Methods: Systematic literature search. Results: The available studies focus almost exclusively on the female sex. Uro-Vaxom decreased the recurrence of UTIs, was overall well tolerated, and reduced the need for antibiotic therapies. Conclusions: Uro-Vaxom is a potential effective and well-tolerated option for reducing the recurrence of UTIs in patients prone to frequent infections. Nevertheless, the retrospective nature of several studies, combined with methodological limitations and variability in study design, precluded a reliable quantitative estimation of the treatment effect.