Abstract
Management of the patient with sepsis comprises three key branches: control of the underlying infection, haemodynamic stabilization, and modulation of the host response. Each aspect should be considered in all patients and, when relevant, managed at the same time. Infection control is applicable to all patients with sepsis and will include antibiotic therapy and often surgical intervention to remove an infectious source. Haemodynamic support involves fluid administration in all patients and vasoactive agents in patients with associated circulatory shock. Noradrenaline is the first choice vasopressor agent; inotropic agents, usually dobutamine, may be added in case of myocardial depression. No interventions directed at individual components of the host response to sepsis have yet been shown to improve outcomes, but glucocorticoids and vasopressin have a global impact on the response and can thus be considered in this category. A move toward more personalized treatment is needed across all three arms of sepsis management.