Abstract
BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia is a common complication of therapy in children with cancer. Some patients are at low risk of complications, and research has considered reduction in therapy for these patients. A previous systematic review broadly considered whether outpatient treatment and oral antibiotics were safe in this context and concluded that this was likely to be the case. Since that review, there has been further research in this area. Therefore, we aim to provide a more robust answer to these questions and to additionally explore whether the exact timing of discharge, including entirely outpatient treatment, has an impact on outcomes. METHODS/DESIGN: The search will cover MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, CDSR, CENTRAL, LILACS, HTA and DARE. A full search strategy is provided. Key conference proceedings and reference lists of included papers will be hand searched. Prominent authors/clinicians in the field will be contacted. We will include randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials along with prospective single-arm studies that examine the location of therapy and/or the route of administration of antibiotics in children or young adults (aged less than 18 years) who attend paediatric services with fever and neutropenia due to treatment for cancer and are assessed to be at low risk of medical complications. Studies will be screened and data extracted by one researcher and independently checked by a second. All studies will be critically appraised using tools appropriate to the study design. Data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will be combined to provide comparative estimates of treatment failure, safety and adequacy. Information from quasi-randomised trials and single-arm studies will provide further data on the safety and adequacy of regimes. Random effects meta-analysis will be used to combine studies. A detailed analysis plan, including assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias, is provided. DISCUSSION: This study will aim to specifically define the features of a low-risk strategy that will maintain levels of safety and adequacy equivalent to those of traditional treatments. This will both inform the development of services and provide patients and families with data to help them make an informed decision about care. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42014005817.